Gum Disease Causes Can Vary

According to the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP), although plaque is the 'primary' cause of periodontal disease, other factors that can increase or contribute include:

Tobacco use - is one of the most significant risk factors associated with the development of periodontitis. People who smoke are seven times more likely to get periodontitis than nonsmokers, and smoking can lower the chances of success of some treatments.

Hormonal changes - can make gums sensitive and make it easier for gingivitis to develop.

Stress - affects the body in many ways and may make it difficult for the body's immune system to fight off infection.

Medications - different types of medication can affect oral health because they lessen the flow of saliva, which has a protective effect on teeth and gums. Some drugs, such as the anticonvulsant medication and the anti-angina drug can cause abnormal growth of gum tissue.

Poor nutrition - can contribute to making it difficult for the immune system to fight off infection, especially if the diet is low in important nutrients. Additionally, the bacteria that cause periodontal disease thrive in acidic environments. Eating sugars and other foods that increase the acidity in the mouth increases bacterial counts.

Illnesses - may affect the condition of your gums. This includes diseases such as cancer or AIDS that interfere with the immune system.

Clenching and grinding teeth - may put excess force on the supporting tissues of the teeth and could speed up the rate at which these tissues are destroyed.